Nūhou - Ke wehe ʻana i ka palaoa kulina i loko o nā Bioplastics: He aha kāna kuleana?

I ko kākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ua nui nā huahana palakika. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā pilikia kaiapuni i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā palakika kuʻuna ua hoʻoikaika i nā kānaka e ʻimi i nā koho ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau ʻia. ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai nā bioplastics. I waena o lākou, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka palaoa kulina ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana maʻamau i loko o nā bioplastics. No laila, he aha ke kuleana oka palaoa kulina i loko o nā bioplastics?

1. He aha nā Bioplastics?
ʻO nā bioplastics he mau plastics i hana ʻia mai nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā microorganism. ʻAʻole e like me nā plastics kuʻuna, hana ʻia nā bioplastics mai nā kumuwaiwai hou, no laila e emi ai ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka palaoa kulina, ma waena o lākou, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā mea nui i loko o nā bioplastics.

2. Ke kuleana o ka palaoa kulina i loko o nā Bioplastics

Māla kulina lawelawe nui ia i ʻekolu mau hana nui:
He kuleana ko Cornstarch i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai hana i loko o nā bioplastics. He polymer ia e hiki ke hui pū ʻia me nā polymers biodegradable ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā plasticizers e hana i nā ʻano paʻa. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui kūpono i ka cornstarch, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka paʻakikī, ka maʻalahi a me ka helu degradation o nā bioplastics, e kūpono ai lākou no nā hiʻohiʻona noi like ʻole.
Hoʻonui i ka ikaika mīkini: ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka palaoa kulina hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika tensile o nā bioplastics, e ʻoi aku ka paʻa.

Ka Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka Hana Hana: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palaoa kulina e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā bioplastics i ka wā e hana ai, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana like ʻole.

Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka palaoa kulina ka biodegradability maikaʻi loa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni kūpono, hiki i nā microorganism ke wāwahi i ka palaoa kulina i nā hui organik maʻalahi, a laila e hoʻokō i ka palaho piha. ʻAe kēia i nā bioplastics e hana hou ʻia ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni.

Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike pū kekahi mau pilikia i ka palaoa kulina. No ka laʻana, i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ua maʻalahi nā bioplastics i ka nalowale ʻana o ke kūpaʻa, e hoʻopilikia ana i ko lākou ola a me ka hana. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ke hana nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui hou a i ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana e hoʻoikaika i ke kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa makū o nā bioplastics.

3. Nā noi o ka palaoa kulina i nā Bioplastics kikoʻī

ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka palaoa kulina i loko o nā bioplastics kikoʻī ma muli o nā waiwai i makemake ʻia a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i manaʻo ʻia o ka huahana hope loa. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

ʻAkika Polylactic (PLA): He bioplastic ka PLA i loaʻa pinepine mai ka palaoa kulina. Hana ka palaoa kulina ma ke ʻano he feedstock no ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa lactic, a laila polymerized e hana i ka PLA. Hōʻike ka PLA i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka palaoa kulina i nā waiwai mechanical i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, e like me ka ikaika tensile a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka palaoa kulina ke hoʻonui i ka biodegradability o PLA, e kūpono ai no nā noi kahi e koʻikoʻi ai nā hopohopo e pili ana i ke kaiapuni, e like menā mea ʻoki hoʻolei, nā ʻōpala meaʻai, a me nā ʻili ʻili mulch mahiʻai.

ʻO Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): ʻO PHA kekahi ʻano bioplastic hiki ke hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka starch kulina ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka starch kulina e nā microorganism e hana i ka polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), ʻo ia kekahi ʻano PHA. ʻO nā PHA i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka starch kulina e loaʻa ka paʻa wela a me nā waiwai mechanical. Loaʻa i kēia mau bioplastics nā noi ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole, me ka hoʻopili ʻana, nā mea lapaʻau, a me ka mahiʻai.

ʻO nā Bioplastics i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka Starch: I kekahi mau hihia, hana pololei ʻia ka starch kulina i loko o nā bioplastics me ka ʻole o ka pono no nā ʻanuʻu polymerization hou aʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i nā bioplastics i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka Starch kahi hui ʻana o ka starch kulina, nā plasticizers, a me nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana a me nā waiwai hoʻohana hope. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau bioplastics i nā noi e like me nā ʻeke hoʻolei ʻia, nā ipu meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻaina hoʻolei ʻia.

Hoʻohuihui ʻana me nā Polymers Biodegradable ʻē aʻe: Hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia ka palaoa kulina me nā polymers biodegradable ʻē aʻe, e like me polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), a i ʻole polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), e hana i nā bioplastics me nā waiwai i hana kūikawā ʻia. Hāʻawi kēia mau hui ʻana i kahi kaulike o ka ikaika mechanical, ka maʻalahi, a me ka biodegradability, e kūpono ai no nā noi like ʻole mai ka hoʻopili ʻana a i ka mahiʻai.

4. Hopena

ʻOi aku ka hana o ka palaoa kulina i loko o nā bioplastics ma mua o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana; kōkua pū ia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā plastics kuʻuna i hana ʻia ma ka petroleum, e hoʻokele ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, manaʻo mākou e ʻike i nā huahana bioplastic hou aʻe e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me ka palaoa kulina.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, he nui nā ʻano o ka palaoa kulina i loko o nā bioplastics, ʻaʻole wale ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o nā plastics akā ke paipai nei hoʻi i ko lākou biodegradability, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. Me ka holomua mau o ka ʻenehana a me ka hana hou, ua mākaukau nā bioplastics e pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui aʻe i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā pono hou aʻe i ke kaiapuni o ko kākou Honua.

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