Nā ʻŌhelo a me ka Mahana Hoʻohuihui: He Alakaʻi Kūpono no nā Hale ʻAina a me nā Hale ʻAina

IInā ʻoe e lawelawe i nā mea inu, ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka hoʻopiʻi: "ʻO kēia mau ʻōpala compostable e pulu koke loa." Akā, ʻo ka pilikia ka mea pinepine ʻole i ka ʻōpala ponoʻī. ʻO ka pinepine, he kūlike ʻole ia ma waena o ka mea ʻōpala a me ka mahana o ka mea inu. ʻOkoʻa loa ke ʻano o nā mea compostable like ʻole ke hōʻike ʻia i ka wela a i ʻole ke anu. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēlā mau ʻokoʻa e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ka ʻōpala kūpono no ka mea āu e lawelawe maoli ai. Wehewehe kēia alakaʻi, ma muli o nā waiwai o nā mea a me nā ʻikepili hoʻāʻo i loaʻa, pehea ka maʻamau o kanā ʻōpala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻiahana ma nā mahana inu o ke ao maoli.

PAPA O NĀ MEA I LOKO

• 1.He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpuʻu ke loli ka mahana
• 2.Nā ʻŌhelo Pepa - Maikaʻi no nā mea inu anu wikiwiki, ʻaʻole no ka wela
• 3.Nā ʻŌhelo PLA - Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no nā mea inu anu
• 4.Nā ʻŌhelo PHA - Kūpaʻa i ka wela a hilinaʻi hoʻi no nā mea inu wela
• 5.ʻO nā ʻŌhelo ʻohe a me nā mea kanu - Ikaika pulu kiʻekiʻe mai nā mea kūlohelohe
• 6.Nā Kūlana Mālama - He Mea i Nānā ʻole ʻia
• 7.Nā Palapala Hōʻoia e Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka Compostability
• 8.Alakaʻi Koho Kūpono

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpuʻu ke loli ka mahana

He maʻalahi nā ʻōpala plastik kuʻuna. ʻAʻole lākou e mālama nui i ka wela a i ʻole ke anu.Akā, loaʻa nā ʻōpala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai nā mea kanu - kulina, kō, ʻohe, a i ʻole nā ​​olonā pepa. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau mea kūlohelohe e wāwahi ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. He mea maikaʻi kēlā no ka honua. Akā, ʻo ia hoʻi, pane lākou i ka mahana a me ka makū i kou wā e inu ana.Ke hui ka ʻōpala compostable me ka wela, ʻekolu mau mea e hiki ke hana:

• Hoʻopili wikiwiki ka mea i ka makū
• Lilo ka ʻano i palupalu
• Hiki i ka ʻili ke nalowale i ka laumania a i ʻole ka paʻakikī

Hoʻolohi nā mea inu anu i kēia mau hopena. Hoʻolalelale nā ​​mea inu wela iā lākou.ʻO ia ke kumu e kūpono ʻole ai hoʻokahi ʻōpuʻu i kēlā me kēia kīʻaha.

Nā ʻŌhelo Pepa - Maikaʻi no nā mea inu anu wikiwiki, ʻaʻole no ka wela

Nā ʻōpala pepahana ʻia mai ka pulp lāʻau me kahi uhi pale i ka makū. I nā mea inu anu (0–7°C / 32–45°F), paʻa lākou no 15-30 mau minuke ma ka wikiwiki inu maʻamau. Ma waho aʻe o kēlā, hoʻomaka ka ʻāpana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia e palupalu i ka wā e komo ai ka wai i loko o nā olonā pepa.I nā mea inu wela (ma luna o 60°C / 140°F), wikiwiki nui ka palupalu ʻana. Hoʻonui ka wela i ka omo ʻana o ka makū a hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka ʻōpala. No kekahi mea inu i lawelawe wela ʻia a i manaʻo ʻia e inu lohi ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke koho pono ʻia nā ʻōpala pepa.

Nā ʻŌhelo PLA - Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no nā mea inu anu

PLA(polylactic acid) he bioplastic i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa kulina, ke kō, a i ʻole nā ​​kumu mea kanu ʻē aʻe. He laumania nā ʻōpala PLA, kūpaʻa i ka makū, a like ke ʻano me ka plastic maʻamau.I loko o nā mea inu anu - kofe hau, smoothies, wai huaʻai, kī ʻūlū - hana maikaʻi loa nā ʻōmole PLA. Noho paʻa lākou no ka lōʻihi o ka inu ʻana, ʻoiai me ka hoʻopili lōʻihi ʻana me ka wai.ʻO ka palena o ka PLA maʻamau ʻo ia kona hoʻomanawanui wela. ʻO ka mahana hoʻololi aniani - kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka mea e palupalu - ma kahi o 55-60°C (130-140°F). ʻOi aku ka kofe hou a i ʻole ke kī wela ma mua o 70°C (158°F), e hoʻolilo ana i ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka ʻōpala PLA i loko o nā minuke. Hoʻokomo kekahi mau hui PLA i ka PBAT a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻololi ʻē aʻe e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻomanawanui i kahi o 70°C, akā ʻokoʻa ka hana e ka mea hana.He maikaʻi loa ka PLA no nā mea inu anu. No nā mea inu wela, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka PLA maʻamau ke ʻole ka helu ʻia ʻana no nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

Nā ʻŌhelo PHA - Kūpaʻa i ka wela a hilinaʻi hoʻi no nā mea inu wela

Hoʻopuka ʻia ka PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka bacteria o nā aila a i ʻole nā ​​​​suka mai nā mea kanu. He hanauna hou ia o ka biopolymer compostable me nā waiwai thermal ʻokoʻa loa mai PLA.Hāʻawi nā ʻōpala PHA i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma muli o ke ʻano hana, mālama lākou i ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana ma nā mahana inu ma luna o 70°C (158°F), me kekahi mau ʻano e ʻae ana a hiki i 100–120°C (212–248°F) no ka hōʻike pōkole. Ma nā ʻōlelo kūpono, hana maikaʻi nā ʻōpala PHA i ke kofe hou a me ke kī wela me ka ʻole o ka palupalu mua.ʻO nā kūkaʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana ma mua o ka PLA. No nā hana e pono ai hoʻokahi mauʻu compostable no nā mea inu anu a me nā mea wela, he moho ikaika ʻo PHA.

ʻO nā ʻŌhelo ʻohe a me nā mea kanu - Ikaika pulu kiʻekiʻe mai nā mea kūlohelohe

Nā ʻōpala ʻohea me nā mea ʻē aʻenā ʻōpala mea kanuua hana ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha o nā mea hoʻopaʻa synthetic. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua mechanical e omo nui ana nā ʻōpala i hana ʻia me ka ʻohe i ka wai ma mua o nā ʻōpala pepa i uhi ʻia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Ma kekahi hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike, ua omo nā ʻōpala ʻohe ma kahi o 60% ka emi o ka makū ma mua o ka pepa ma hope o ʻelua hola i ka wai 80°C, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka ikaika pulu kiʻekiʻe.Hana pono kēia mau ʻōpala ma nā ʻano mahana like ʻole, mai nā smoothies anu a i ke kī wela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano like ʻole e ka mea hana, a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā kaulahao lako ma mua o nā mea no ka pepa a i ʻole PLA. Pono nā mea kūʻai e hōʻoia i nā kikoʻī huahana ma mua o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana.

Nā Kūlana Mālama - He Mea i Nānā ʻole ʻia

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻōpala compostable e haki ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana, ʻaʻole i ka wā e mālama ai. Akā, hiki i ka mālama pono ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana o ka ʻōpala i kahi mea inu.Pono nā ʻōpala PLA i ka mālama ʻana i ke aniau me ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 50% i ka wā e waiho ai i nā mea. Hiki i ka wela nui a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa lōʻihi ke hoʻolilo i ka PLA i mea palupalu a hoʻomaka paha e palaho ma mua o ka manawa.Pono e mālama i nā ʻōpala pepa ma kahi maloʻo, kahi e pale aku ai i ka makū pololei.ʻOi aku ka paʻa o nā ʻōpala PHA a me ka ʻohe akā e pōmaikaʻi mau ana ia mai ka mālama ʻana i kahi anu, maloʻo, a me ka pouli.Manaʻo kūpono: E mālama i nā ʻōpala palaho a pau i kahi maloʻo a anuanu, kahi mamao aku mai nā mea holoi kīʻaha, nā umu, a i ʻole ka lā pololei. E hoʻohana mua i nā waihona kahiko.

Nā Palapala Hōʻoia e Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka Compostability

ʻAʻole nā ​​huahana āpau i kapa ʻia he "compostable" e kū i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi.hōʻoia ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, he palena ke kaumaha kānāwai o ka huaʻōlelo.Ma lalo o nā FTC Green Guides, ʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻana he "compostable" kahi huahana me ka ʻole o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kūlana haki hiki ke kuhihewa. Ke koi nei kekahi mau mokuʻāina, me Wakinekona a me Minnesota, i ka palapala hōʻoia ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ma ke ʻano he hōʻike kānāwai o nā koi compostability.No nā ʻōpala compostable ma ka mākeke US, ʻelua mau palapala hōʻoia koʻikoʻi loa:

ÜV Austria OK Compost HOME

Hōʻoia kēia palapala hōʻoia e haki ana kahi huahana i nā kūlana compost backyard ambient - me ka ʻole o ka wela ʻoihana a i ʻole ka aeration i kāohi ʻia. ʻO ia ke kūlana paʻakikī e hoʻokō ai, no ka mea, pono e hana ʻia ka decomposition ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa a loli pinepine hoʻi maʻamau o nā pahu compost home. Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia nā huahana me kēia palapala hōʻoia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana composting noho.

Ka Hoʻohuihui ʻana o BPI Commercial

Hōʻoia ʻo BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) i nā huahana e kū ana i nā kūlana ASTM D6400 no nā hale hana composting ʻoihana. Mālama kēia mau hale i nā mahana o 58 ±2°C (ma kahi o 136°F) me ka makū i kāohi ʻia a me ka earation. Ua hōʻoia ʻo BPI ma mua o 51,000 mau huahana compostable a hiki i kēia lā a ʻo ia ka palapala hōʻoia compostability i ʻike nui ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.Loaʻa i kekahi mau huahana hoʻokahi wale nō o kēia mau palapala hōʻoia. ʻAʻohe o kekahi, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana nei i nā huaʻōlelo e like me "biodegradable" a i ʻole "mea kanu." Loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi - me kekahi mau ʻōpala kūikawā - nā palapala hōʻoia ʻelua i ka manawa like. He mea maʻamau ʻole ka palapala hōʻoia pālua i ka māhele ʻōpala compostable, akā hāʻawi ia i kahi pono kūpono: hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka huahana like i loko o kahi ʻōpala hope a i ʻole kahi hale ʻoihana, ma muli o ke kahua ʻōpala kūloko.I ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻōpala compostable no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau palapala hōʻoia e hāʻawi i ka ʻike hilinaʻi loa ma mua o ka heluhelu ʻana i nā koi ma ka ʻōpala wale nō.

Alakaʻi Koho Kūpono

ʻAʻohe mea ʻōpala compostable hoʻokahi e hana maikaʻi loa ma ka pae mahana holoʻokoʻa o ka mea inu. ʻO ke ala kūpono, ʻo ia ke hoʻohālikelike i ka mea i kāu papa kuhikuhi maoli.

Nā mea inu anu wale nō (nā smoothies, kofe hau, wai huaʻai, kī pehu):Hāʻawi nā ʻōpala PLA i ke kaulike maikaʻi loa o ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai.

Papa ʻaina mahana hui (nā mea inu anu a me nā mea inu wela):E noʻonoʻo i ka PHA a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala olonā. Hiki ke hoʻāpono ʻia ke kumukūʻai mua kiʻekiʻe ma ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi a nā mea kūʻai aku.

Nā mea inu wela wale nō (kofe, tī wela):E hoʻohana i ka PHA a i ʻole kahi ʻōpala mea kanu kūpaʻa wela. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻōpala pepa.

Nā mea inu anu pōkoleHiki ke hana mau nā ʻōpala pepa, akā, ʻaʻole ia he hopena no nā mea a pau.

ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana a me nā palapala hōʻoia i hōʻoia ʻia e hōʻoia hou aku i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻōpala e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. Ke hāʻule kahi ʻōpala compostable i ka wā o ka lawelawe ʻana, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole loa ka pilikia "ʻaʻole hana nā huahana compostable." He ʻaneʻane mau ka kūlike ʻole o ka mea, ka mahana, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana.